Monitoring for people not yet receiving treatment (for chronic hepatitis B infection). People who do not currently meet the criteria for antiviral therapy (persistently normal serum aminotransferase results and HBV DNA levels below 2000 IU/mL (when HBV DNA testing is available) or who have expressed a desire to defer treatment may be monitored annually for disease progression and ALT and HBV DNA levels (when HBV DNA testing is available)