Eligibility criteria for the use of long-acting ARV therapies as a switching strategy should be clearly established, which includes identifying and monitoring populations with undetectable HIV viral load but facing persistent adherence challenges with SOT. This needs to be done within a person-centred approach to ensure equity, as the people likely to most benefit from this strategy are paradoxically those who frequently struggle to access health care or receive newer interventions. It is essential to develop a health care infrastructure able to administer intramuscular injections. This entails ensuring adequate facilities for injections, planned injection schedules, and storage and safe disposal of syringes and medical waste. Furthermore, a cold-chain infrastructure is required for current long-acting RPV formulations. Treatment services must provide training for health care providers on the safe administration of deep intramuscular injections using the “Z technique” (32). An important consideration is the lack of antiviral activity of current long-acting ARV regimens against hepatitis B, particularly in LMICs. Additionally, RPV exhibits strong interactions with rifampicin, preventing their concomitant use. Consequently, screening protocols for hepatitis B and TB disease should be integrated into eligibility criteria and clinical follow-up. For people living with HIV on CAB+RPV who develop tuberculosis, HIV treatment must be modified due to the significant drug interactions with rifampicin. Co-administration of rifampicin with these long-acting formulations is likely to result in subtherapeutic concentrations of both drugs (33). Patients should switch to TLD or an alternative oral regimen that does not significantly interact with rifampin until the end of TB treatment. Other rifamycins (rifabutin and rifapentine) also have significant drug interactions with CAB and RPV and should not be used concomitantly (34). It is important for HIV treatment programmes introducing the use of long-acting ARVs to establish programme protocols to monitor adverse events associated with the administration and use of longacting injectable ARVs, as well as to assess and manage drug resistance and failure associated with long-acting ARVs