These recommendations would apply equally to people who present to care again after a period of disengagement from care with advanced HIV disease. Cryptococcal antigen screening followed by pre-emptive therapy would be preferrable over providing fluconazole primary prophylaxis when considering cost, the potential for developing antifungal resistance and concerns about fetal safety among women of childbearing age without access to adequate contraception. These recommendations apply to adults and adolescents with advanced HIV disease. The decision to not extend these recommendations to children was based on the recognition that cryptococcal disease in this age group is rare, even in countries with high incidence