Bibliographic information
GuidelineWHO recommendations on care for women with diabetes during pregnancy
Year of Publication2025
Issuing InstitutionWorld Health Organization
Recommendation
New
Mode of glucose monitoring. For pregnant women with type 1, type 2 or gestational diabetes, recommend self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in addition to routine care, where feasible.
Recommended
Notes and Remarks
These recommendations supersede and extend beyond the previous WHO self-care recommendations, which recommend SMBG for non-pregnant people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using insulin based on individual need, and for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation on the frequency of monitoring in any type of diabetes during pregnancy. The frequency of monitoring will depend on the severity of the woman’s diabetes, and availability of health-care services and other resources