In all settings (and regardless of whether delivered through facility- or community-based testing), it is recommended that HBsAg serological testing and linkage to prevention, care and treatment services be offered to the following individuals (184): • adults and adolescents from populations most affected by HBV infection (i.e., who are either part of a population with high HBV seroprevalence or who have a history of exposure and/or highrisk behaviours for HBV infection); • adults, adolescents and children with a clinical suspicion of chronic viral hepatitis (i.e., symptoms, signs, laboratory markers); • all pregnant women (at least once and as early as possible, ideally at the first ANC visit); and • sexual partners, children and other family members, and close household contacts of those with HBV infection.