Monitoring for treatment response among people with chronic hepatitis B infection receiving treatment or not yet receiving treatment. More frequent on-treatment monitoring (every 3–6 months for the first year) may be performed for: people with more advanced disease (compensated or decompensated cirrhosis); during the first year of treatment to assess treatment response and adherence; where treatment adherence is a concern; in HIV-coinfected people; and for people with renal impairment.