For the diagnosis of chronic HBV infection in adults, adolescents and children (>12 months of age), a serological assay (in either rapid diagnostic tests or laboratory-based immunoassay format) that meets minimum quality, safety and performance standards (with regard to both analytical and clinical sensitivity and specificity) is recommended to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

• In settings where existing laboratory testing is already available and accessible,

laboratory-based immunoassays are recommended as the preferred assay format.

• In settings where there is limited access to laboratory testing and/or in populations

where access to rapid testing would facilitate linkage to care and treatment, use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is recommended to improve access.