Countries with a low incidence of TB or leprosy may choose to selectively vaccinate neonates in recognized risk groups for developing disease. High-risk groups to be considered for vaccination include the following:Neonates to parents (or other close contacts/relatives) with previous TB or leprosy; Neonates in households with contacts to countries with high incidence of TB and/or leprosy; Neonates in any other locally identified risk group for TB and/or leprosy. In a few countries with low TB incidence, BCG vaccination is largely replaced by intensified case detection, contact tracing and supervised early treatment.