Bibliographic information

GuidelineWHO recommendations on care for women with diabetes during pregnancy
Year of Publication2025
Issuing InstitutionWorld Health Organization

Recommendation

New

Mode of glucose monitoring. For pregnant women with type 2 or gestational diabetes, do not routinely recommend use of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system

Not recommended

Notes and Remarks

These recommendations supersede and extend beyond the previous WHO self-care recommendations, which recommend SMBG for non-pregnant people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using insulin based on individual need, and for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There is insufficient evidence to support a recommendation on the frequency of monitoring in any type of diabetes during pregnancy. The frequency of monitoring will depend on the severity of the woman’s diabetes, and availability of health-care services and other resources. While (this) recommendation (...advises against routinely recommending use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in pregnant women with type 2 diabetes or GDM due to resource implications, this does not preclude its use for some pregnant women with diabetes (e.g. in women with GDM using insulin) where its use could potentially improve outcomes, where available.