Bibliographic Info
Recommendation
Recommended in favor
Strong
Certainty of evidence
Moderate
ART should be initiated in all pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV, regardless of WHO clinical stage and at any CD4 cell count and continued lifelong
Also Featured In
This recommendation also appears in the following guidelines:
Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV
Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach
Consolidated guideline on sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living with HIV
WHO recommendations on maternal health: guidelines approved by the WHO Guidelines Review Committee, second edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025