In adults with established status epilepticus, i.e. seizures persisting after two doses of benzodiazepines, either intravenous fosphenytoin, intravenous phenytoin, intravenous levetiracetam, intravenous phenobarbital or intravenous valproic acid (sodium valproate) should be considered with appropriate monitoring. The choice of these medicines depends on local resources, including availability and facilities for monitoring.